Jurnal Kesehatan Cendikia Jenius

Tackling Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Narrative Review of Emerging Dietary, Digital, and Policy Interventions

Nurul Ain Azizan — 2026-08-01

Obesity has become a growing public health challenge in Southeast Asia due to rapid urbanization, dietary transitions toward energy-dense foods, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. The rising prevalence of obesity across Southeast Asian countries has contributed to a greater burden of non-communicable diseases and substantial economic and social costs. This study aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate current evidence on emerging dietary, digital, behavioral, environmental, and policy interventions for obesity prevention and management in Southeast Asia, as well as to identify research gaps and implications for future public health practice and policy development. A narrative review approach was employed through a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, supplemented by reports from international health organizations. Eligible publications included peer-reviewed articles and official reports published between 2015 and 2025. Data were collected using keywords related to obesity, overweight, Southeast Asia, dietary interventions, and obesity management strategies, and were analyzed using a descriptive thematic approach. The findings indicate that digital health interventions, personalized nutrition, intermittent fasting, gut microbiome-based approaches, front-of-pack food labeling, food product reformulation, sugar-sweetened beverage taxation, and culturally tailored community-based programs show considerable potential in addressing obesity. The review further highlights that integrated behavioral, environmental, psychological, and policy interventions are more effective than single-component approaches. The conclusion is The findings indicate that combining individual, environmental, and policy-level approaches is more effective than single interventions in reducing obesity risk and improving health outcomes. Therefore, governments, healthcare providers, and communities should strengthen collaboration in implementing evidence-based obesity prevention programs, while future research should focus on evaluating the long-term effectiveness and scalability of these interventions in diverse Southeast Asian populations.

Effectiveness of Slow Stroke Back Massage with Virgin Coconut Oil on Pressure Injury Risk

Fathul Maysarah Syahab — 2026-08-01

Background: Stroke is a neurological condition that causes nerve paralysis. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke may require a surgical procedure in the form of a craniotomy, which results in limited mobility. This condition can lead to complications, one of which is skin breakdown that may develop into pressure injuries. One of the efforts to reduce the risk of pressure injuries is slow stroke back massage using virgin coconut oil . Objective: This study aimed to implement a slow stroke back massage intervention using virgin coconut oil to reduce the risk of pressure injuries in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: This study employed a case study design involving a hemorrhagic stroke patient in the ICU of RSUD Aji Muhammad Parikesit Tenggarong. The nursing intervention in the form of slow stroke back massage using virgin coconut oil was administered twice daily for four days. Results: The results showed an improvement in the Braden Score from 8 (very high risk of pressure injury) to 12 (high risk of pressure injury). Conclusion: Slow stroke back massage using virgin coconut oil plays an effective supportive therapy role in reducing the risk of pressure injuries in patients undergoing prolonged bed rest

The Relationship Between Platelet Count and Albumin Levels with the Severity of DHF Patients

Angki Purwanti — 2026-08-01

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia and is characterized by bleeding manifestations, thrombocytopenia, and decreased serum albumin levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between platelet count, albumin level, gender, and age category with the severity of DHF. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using secondary data from 64 DHF patients at Anugerah Sehat Afiat Regional Hospital. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Fisher’s Exact test, and Monte Carlo test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed significant associations between platelet count (p<0.001; r=-0.427) and serum albumin level (p<0.001; r=-0.625) with DHF severity. However, no significant association was found between platelet count and albumin level (p=0.101), nor between gender (p=0.788) and age category (p=0.768) with DHF severity. In conclusion, platelet count and serum albumin level were associated with DHF severity, whereas gender, age category, and the relationship between platelet count and albumin level were not. Future studies are recommended to include additional clinical and laboratory parameters to improve the accuracy of DHF severity prediction.

The Effect of Replacing Flour with Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on Fiber Content and How Much Chicken Meatballs Are Liked

Sely Putri Hermawita — 2026-08-01

University students are a productive age group vulnerable to obesity due to low dietary fiber intake, highlighting the need for functional food innovations that improve fiber consumption while maintaining consumer acceptability. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour substitution on the crude fiber content and organoleptic properties of chicken meatballs as an alternative high-fiber snack. This experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment groups (P0, P1, P2, and P3). Organoleptic evaluation was conducted involving 25 student panelists in May 2025, while proximate analysis included moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, and carbohydrate contents. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and SPSS. The results showed that the P2 formulation (10 g seaweed flour) achieved the highest acceptability scores for color, aroma, texture, and taste (p<0.05). Crude fiber content increased from 2.72% to 4.20%, accompanied by increased ash and carbohydrate contents and reduced moisture, protein, and fat levels. Substitution with 10 g of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour has the potential to improve the nutritional quality and consumer acceptability of chicken meatballs. Further studies should evaluate shelf life, physical characteristics, and other nutritional components.

The Effectiveness of Gentle Human Touch in Stabilizing Vital Signs of Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Sri Wahyuni — 2026-08-01

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a major respiratory disorder in premature infants that frequently causes unstable vital signs and increases neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, safe non-pharmacological interventions are needed to support physiological stability during intensive care. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of Gentle Human Touch (GHT) in stabilizing the vital signs of premature infants with RDS in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). A case study design was employed involving one premature infant diagnosed with very low birth weight and RDS. Data were collected through clinical observation, measurement of vital signs, and the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) before and after a 10-minute GHT intervention administered once daily for three consecutive days (December 30, 2025–January 1, 2026). Data were analyzed descriptively. The findings demonstrated decreased respiratory and heart rates, increased oxygen saturation, normal body temperature, reduced chest retractions, and improved infant calmness without increased pain. In conclusion, GHT is an effective, safe, and easily applicable non-pharmacological nursing intervention for improving the physiological stability of premature infants with RDS. Further studies involving larger sample sizes are recommended.

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Antidiabetic Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Safaruddin — 2026-08-01

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a continuously increasing prevalence and requires long-term therapy, resulting in a substantial financial burden. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is therefore needed to assess the efficiency of antidiabetic therapy at Daya Regional General Hospital, Makassar City. This study aimed to analyze treatment costs, examine the relationship between treatment costs and treatment duration, and identify the most efficient therapy based on the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study employed a quantitative descriptive-analytical method with a retrospective approach involving 69 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated from January to February 2026. Data were analyzed using Cost of Illness (COI), Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), and Spearman’s correlation test. The results showed that the average treatment cost per patient was IDR 576,170.65. A significant positive correlation was found between treatment duration and treatment cost (r = 0.239; p = 0.048). Single-drug therapy had the lowest ACER value of IDR 1,117,506.50 and the highest proportion of controlled HbA1c levels at 38.9%. In conclusion, single-drug therapy using oral antidiabetic drugs was the most cost-effective treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Daya Regional General Hospital, Makassar, as it provided the highest clinical effectiveness at an affordable cost. It is recommended that pharmacoeconomic evaluation be one of the considerations in selecting antidiabetic therapy to obtain optimal clinical results at a more efficient cost.

The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Resilience with Body Image in Post-Mastectomy Patients

Agus Suryaman — 2026-08-01

Introduction: Mastectomy is one of the main therapies performed on breast cancer patients. Mastectomy can cause permanent physical changes that impact the patient's body image disturbance. Self-compassion and resilience are psychological factors that are thought to play a role in helping patients accept body changes and form a more positive body image. Objective: This study aims the relationship between self-compassion and resilience with body image in post-mastectomy patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Method: This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study were female post-mastectomy patients undergoing treatment or control, with a consecutive sampling technique. The instruments used included the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Body Image Scale (BIS). Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between self-compassion and body image in post-mastectomy patients (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was also found between resilience and body image (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between self-compassion and resilience and body image in post-mastectomy patients. Enhancing self-compassion and resilience can be an approach in nursing interventions to help develop a more positive body image.

Bacterial Patterns and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Blood Culture Specimens in Neonatal Sepsis Patients

Ni Putu Meliningsih — 2026-08-14

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Variations in bacterial patterns and antibiotic susceptibility across hospitals necessitate microbiological surveillance as a basis for selecting appropriate empirical therapy. Objective: This study aims to determine the bacterial patterns and antibiotic susceptibility profiles in blood cultures of neonatal sepsis patients in the NICU of Buleleng District Hospital in 2025. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study with a retrospective approach and a cross-sectional design was conducted on 57 positive blood culture specimens using a total sampling technique. Data from January to December 2025 were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages. Result: The results showed that Gram-negative bacteria were predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (64.9%), while the most common Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis (3.5% each). All Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to doxycycline, vancomycin, and linezolid, but resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, and moxifloxacin. Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis in the NICU of Buleleng District Hospital was predominantly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, while Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis were the most frequently identified Gram-positive bacteria.

Comparison of the Membrane Filter and Most Probable Number (MPN) Methods for the Detection of Escherichia coli in Borehole Groundwater

Ni Made Suryantari — 2026-08-17

Comparison of Serum Creatinine Levels between Immediate and Delayed Examination at Room Temperature

Gisel Audina Tandea — 2026-08-28

Background: Serum creatinine examination is an important parameter for assessing kidney function; however, its stability is strongly influenced by examination time and sample storage conditions . Delayed examination at room temperature may cause alterations in creatinine levels, thus requiring further investigation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the difference in serum creatinine levels between immediate and delayed examination at room temperature. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study with a retrospective approach and a cross-sectional design was conducted on 57 positive blood culture specimens using a total sampling technique. Data from January to December 2025 were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages. Result: The results showed that the mean creatinine level decreased from 1.19 mg/dL (immediate) to 0.99 mg/dL (2 hours) and 0.92 mg/dL (4 hours). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that delayed examination affects serum creatinine levels; therefore, prompt examination is recommended to ensure result accuracy.

The Relationship Between Sputum Quality and Molecular Rapid Test Results in Suspected Tuberculosis Patients

Ni Putu Rika Mudiarini — 2026-08-31

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem, and the accuracy of diagnosis using the Molecular Rapid Test (MRT) is strongly influenced by sputum quality. However, inadequate sputum specimens are still commonly found, potentially reducing diagnostic accuracy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between sputum quality and Molecular Rapid Test results in suspected tuberculosis patients at Giri Emas Regional General Hospital. Method: This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 35 suspected tuberculosis patients were included using total sampling during April–May 2026. Sputum quality data were collected through macroscopic observation using a checklist, while MRT results were obtained from GeneXpert MTB/RIF examination. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: The results showed that most respondents had good sputum quality (57.1%), and there was a significant relationship between sputum quality and MRT results (p=0.005). Conclusion: It can be concluded that sputum quality influences MRT results; therefore, proper sputum collection education is necessary to improve tuberculosis diagnostic accuracy.

Correlation Between Uric Acid Levels and Rheumatoid Factor in the Elderly

Vini Lady Paretta Paseno — 2026-08-31

Background: High uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) are one of the most common health problems among older adults and can cause joint disorders. Elevated uric acid levels may trigger inflammatory processes that are thought to be associated with the formation of Rheumatoid Factor (RF), a marker of autoimmune joint disorders. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between uric acid levels and RF in elderly patients at UPTD Puskesmas Andoolo Utama. Methods: This quantitative study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 46 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Uric acid levels were measured using an enzymatic method with a Chemistry Analyzer, while RF was examined using the Latex Slide Test method. Result: The results showed that the respondents' mean uric acid level was 9.15 mg/dL, with a minimum of 7.2 mg/dL and a maximum of 12.3 mg/dL; all respondents were classified as having hyperuricemia. RF examination revealed that 39 respondents (84.8%) had negative results while 7 respondents (15.2%) had positive results. The Spearman correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.041 (p < 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.302, indicating a statistically significant, weak, positive correlation between uric acid levels and RF in older adults. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a correlation between uric acid levels and RF in older adults at UPTD Puskesmas Andoolo Utama; higher uric acid levels are associated with an increased tendency toward positive RF results.